Land Reforms in India: Constitutional and Legal Approach

Abstract

Land is the prime natural and most material, imperishable possession from which people derive their economic independence, social status and a modest and permanent means of livelihood. But in addition to that, land also assures them of identity and dignity and creates condition and opportunities for realizing social equality. Assured possession and equitable distribution of land is a lasting source for peace and prosperity and will pave way for economic and social justice in India.[1] The Constitution of India provided under Article 39 that (1) the ownership and control of the material resources of the country should be so distributed as best to serve the common good; and (2) the operation of the economic system should not result in a concentration of wealth or a means of production to the common detriment.[2] The Constitution of India also made land a State subject.[3] So only State Legislatures have the power to enact and implement land reform-laws. However, the Central Government played a significant advisory and financial role in land policy based on its Constitutional role in social and economic planning.

Keywords: Land Reforms, Planning Commission, Five Years Plans, Land Ceilings