Proto-historic Indian Ecological Background: - A study

Abstract

Indus River has its origins in Autonomous Region of tibet, (China); within the glaciers and snowmelt to the north of Mount Kailasha whose Tibetan name is Kangrinpoche. The name of the river in Tibetan is Senge-Khambab or Lion-mouth. It flows through deep gorges and a slim alluvial plain east of Leh, India. Eventually it empties into the wide valley of Skardu, pakistan before plunging into even deeper gorges as it descends to affix the Gilgit river at Bunji. this is the juncture of the three highest mountain ranges, the Karakorum, the Hindu Kush Mountains and also the Himalaya. as a result of the high water levels during the spring snow soften and the summer rainy season, no cultivable land is found on the banks of the Indus within the upper valleys. in fact the river is so full of silt and gravel that only a few fish areable to exist except in deep pools and side streams. Streams that be part of the Indus from forested valleys are deep blue whereas the Indus is often a steel grey color. Most agriculture within the higher Indus is carried out on alluvial fans of snow-fed tributaries that join the Indus all along its length or in slender valleys sliced out by the numerous glaciers that still hang on the rocky peaks of the himalaya and also the Karakorum.