Experimental Investigation On Compressive Strength Of Concrete By Replacement Of Cement Partially With Hypo Sludge

Abstract

Hypo Sludge is a waste produced in the paper manufacturing industry. Paper mills generate more than 4 million tons of sludge each year for disposal. Hypo Sludge is known to contain useful fibers and chemicals, as my project to get good results by adding of ferrous oxide to the hypo sludge to the fly ash improve the strength, durability, and life span of concrete structures exposed to weather. Paper making generally produces a large amount of solid waste. Paper fibers can be recycled only a limited number of times before they become too short or weak to make high quality paper. It means that the broken, low-quality paper fibers are separated out to become waste sludge. All the inks, dyes, coatings, pigments, staples and "stickiest" (tape, plastic films, etc.) are also washed off the recycled fibers to join the waste solids. The shiny finish on glossy magazine-type paper is produced using a fine kaolin clay coating, which also becomes solid waste during recycling. This paper mill sludge consumes a large percentage of local landfill space for each and every year. Worse yet, some of the wastes are land spread on cropland as a disposal technique, raising concerns about trace contaminants building up in soil or running off into area lakes and streams.