“Buddhist Concept of Dukkha (Suffering) on the World”

Abstract

It is so essential to make a thorough examination of the meaning of ‘dukkha’ and its types for a person who wants to realize the connotation of ‘saṅkhāra dukkha’.  The word dukkha is traditionally formed of ‘du’ and ‘kha’. ‘Du’ means ‘bad’ like ‘du’ in the word ‘duputta’ (bad son), and ‘kha’ implies ‘empty’ just as space is called ‘kha’ because it is vacant. Dukkha is bad owing to it is the haunt of many dangers, and it is empty because it is devoid of the lastingness, beauty, pleasure, and self, conceived by the rash people. The Pāḷi word ‘dukkha’ is equivalent to the Sanskrit word ‘duhkha’ (duh+kha). The Sanskrit word ‘dukkha’ means ‘uneasy, uncomfortable, unpleasant, pain, sorrow, and trouble’. ‘kha’ in Sanskrit also means ‘Hole or empty space’. The Pāḷi term ‘dukkha’ has a much wider meaning than the Sanskrit word because the implication of ‘dukkha’ in Pāḷi can embrace every phase of things in the world as well as uneasiness and pain.