DA-Sync- A Doppler-Assisted Time-Synchronization Scheme for Mobile Underwater Sensor Networks

Abstract

In recent years, underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) have drawn considerable and increasing attentions from researchers. This paper examines the main approaches and challenges in the design and implementation of underwater wireless sensor networks. We summarize key applications and the main phenomena related to acoustic propagation, and discuss how they affect the design and operation of communication systems and networking protocols at various layers. This is because most of these protocols do not consider long propagation delays and sensor node mobility, which are important characteristics in UWSNs. Further, UWSNs usually have very high requirements in network lifetime and synchronization accuracy.