Indus Waters Treaty: A Review

Abstract

In a world burdened by burgeoning populations and faced with declining water resources, water is likely to trigger conflict. Since the partition of British India in 1947 and the creation of the modern states of India and Pakistan, the two South Asian countries have been involved in four wars (one undeclared), as well as many border skirmishes and military stand-offs. Yet despite being strong adversaries, India and Pakistan have had a comprehensive water treaty, the Indus Water Treaty, active for over 50 years. This chapter explores the complex, drawn-out negotiation of the treaty, from its beginnings in 1950 to its eventual creation in 1960. Furthermore, this chapter looks into the significance of the final agreement, and its implications for India and Pakistan’s overall relationship.