Observers or Spectators: The Experience of Recent Elections in Selected Members of the East African Community

Abstract

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant for Civil and Political Rights and other international instruments reiterate that everyone has the right and opportunity to participate in the government and public affairs of his or her country, without any discrimination. This right can be exercised directly, by participating in referenda, standing for elected office and by other means, or can be exercised through freely chosen representatives. Among the key stakeholders to implement these substantial principles are the election observers with a role to enhance the integrity of election processes, by deterring and exposing irregularities and fraud, and by providing recommendations for improving electoral processes. Election observers promote public confidence, legitimate elected government and electoral participation; and do mitigate the potential for election-related conflicts. They also serve to enhance international understanding through sharing experiences and information about democratic development.