Hemodynamic Dimensions as Heuristic Predictor for Epidural Anesthesia Conversion to General Anesthesia During Lower Segment Caesarean Section Surgery

Abstract

Lumbar epidural anesthesia was considered to be the gold standard in anesthesia practice. It caused some form sympathetic blockade and changed baseline peripheral vascular tone including some dynamic changes. However, failure of epidural anesthesia was a clinical problem together with difficult to predict failure based on clinical parameter and hemodynamic changes.