A Robust and Invisible Digital Watermarking Algorithm based on Multiple Transform Method for QR Code Image

Abstract

Most of digital image watermarking techniques have focused on uncompressed images. However, compressed images more widely used than uncompressed images on the web due to its size. Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) is well known and widely used digital format for compressing images. In this paper, we propose a new robust and invisible digital image watermarking algorithm for JPEG images based on the multiple transform method, discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and discrete fractional random transform (DFRNT). We generate a watermark through a two-dimensional (2D) barcode and scrambling method, and the generated watermark image is embedded into DWT-DFRNT transformed JPEG images using quantization technique in order to ensure the robustness and invisibility of the watermark. Experimental results present that our proposed method has improved the extraction performance of watermark from the compressed JPEG images and ensured the invisibility and robustness of the watermark against image signal processing such as image rotation and noise adding attacks.